FIGO position paper: how to stop the caesarean section epidemic

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Obstetrics, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands. Electronic address: g.h.a.visser@umcutrecht.nl.
• ² Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School-University of Lisbon, Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal.
• ³ Society for the Investigation of Early Pregnancy, New York, NY, USA; BioIncept, LLC, New York, NY, USA.
• ⁴ Independent consultant, Geneva, Switzerland.
• ⁵ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
• ⁶ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fundacion Valle del Lili, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia.
• ⁷ Ginecólogo Obstetra, Clinica Hospital San Fernando, Consultorio 6-8, Panama.
• ⁸ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
• ⁹ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill School of Medicine, NC, USA.
• ¹⁰ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seth G S Medical College and K E M Hospital, Mumbai, India.
• ¹¹ Departments of Public Health and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.
• ¹² Shanghai 1st Maternity and Infant Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
• ¹³ Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
• ¹⁴ Global Health Programs, March of Dimes Foundation, White Plains, NY, USA.